Vol. 8, Special Issue 5 (2023)

Author(s): Koirala Aavash, Gyawali Sajita, Gyawali Chet Narayan and Shah Anjay Kumar

Abstract: Mastitis, a management-related disease affecting cow production efficiency, was studied in 90 dairy cattle in Western Chitwan. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) prevalence was determined using the CMT test, with 31.09% (111 out of 357) of milk samples testing positive. No significant difference was found in quarter-wise prevalences of SCM. Commercial farms had a higher SCM prevalence (39%) than conventional farms, a statistically significant finding. The CMT test demonstrated a sensitivity of 95% in identifying SCM. Bacteriological culture and biochemical tests revealed E. coli in 16.25% (18 out of 106) of samples. Among the antibiotics tested on Muller-Hilton Agar using CLSI 2012, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Tetracycline were most effective, while Amoxyclav was completely resistant. Furthermore, 83.33% of isolates displayed a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index exceeding 0.2, indicating the need for rational antibiotic use. The study highlights a concerning SCM prevalence of 31.09% in Chitwan's dairy cattle, with 16.98% of SCM cases attributed to E. coli. These findings indicate emerging management issues affecting animal health and economic losses. The study emphasizes the importance of farm and personal hygiene to mitigate the risk of E. coli infection. Additionally, prudent antibiotic use and public awareness are crucial to control the unregulated antibiotic usage. Overall, the study underscores the significance of managing mastitis in dairy cattle through effective practices and preventive measures. Reducing SCM prevalence can enhance production efficiency and economic outcomes for farmers in the region.